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1.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 21(3): 268-308, mayo 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1396848

ABSTRACT

Indigenous knowledge is one of the most notable traditional sources about plants used to treat diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the botanical features and to investigate the pharmacological properties of plants used by the Kantaruré-Batida community to treat intestinal parasitosis. Botanical characterization was performed based on integrative review andon access to 'Flora do Brasil' platform, whereas plants' pharmacological properties were investigated through systematic review. Among the 21 ethnospecies used, 48% were described as having activity against intestinal parasites. Although 52% had no such activity described, other properties can account for their use, that indicates that further studies are required. Therefore, this review reinforces the importance of valuing indigenous knowledge as tool to guide antiparasitic agent trials.


El conocimiento indígena es una de las fuentes tradicionales más notables sobre las plantas utilizadas para tratar enfermedades. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características botánicas e investigar las propiedades farmacológicas de las plantas utilizadas por la comunidad Kantaruré-Batida para tratar la parasitosis intestinal. La caracterización botánica se realizó con base en una revisión integradora y en el acceso a la plataforma "Flora do Brasil", mientras que las propiedades farmacológicas de las plantas se investigaron mediante una revisión sistemática. Entre las 21 etnoespecies utilizadas, se describió que el 48% tenía actividad contra los parásitos intestinales. Aunque el 52% no tenía tal actividad descrita, otras propiedades pueden explicar su uso, lo que indica que se requieren más estudios. Por lo tanto, esta revisión refuerza la importancia de valorar el conocimiento indígena como herramienta para guiar los ensayos de agentes antiparasitarios.


Subject(s)
Humans , Plants, Medicinal , Ethnopharmacology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic , Brazil , Ethnobotany
2.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 43(2): 216-224, abr.-jun. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-990633

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A contemporaneidade e a docência nas áreas de saúde e formação profissional, tem se transformado e evoluído nos últimos tempos, com a introdução das metodologias ativas no processo ensino-aprendizagem, nas instituições de ensino superior no Brasil. Essas metodologias ativas de aprendizagem, como a ABP, Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas, são utilizadas com a finalidade de que estudantes da área da saúde adquiram o conhecimento de forma significativa, em relação ao ensino tradicional. A educação médica no Brasil tem sido assunto de muitas discussões sobre a formação profissional em saúde e vem passando por significativas mudanças nos últimos anos. O presente artigo tem por objetivo relatar uma experiência docente no ensino de graduação em Medicina, nos componentes curriculares Mecanismo de Agressão e Defesa I e II (MADs), na Universidade do Estado da Bahia - Campus I. MADs é um componente curricular atualmente presente em diferentes cursos da área de saúde do Brasil. Este componente é composto pelas disciplinas microbiologia, parasitologia, imunologia e patologia, lecionado de forma integrada. Foram aplicadas metodologias ativas de ensino, do tipo aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP), que abrangeram sessões tutoriais, atividades em laboratórios, apresentações científicas e o uso de filmes. Além disto, foram utilizados recursos lúdicos e a ferramenta MOODLE no campus virtual. Esta proposta teve início no ano de 2012 e vem sendo aplicada a partir desta data até os dias atuais. A experiência vivenciada nas MADs, com a utilização de variadas formas de metodologias de ensinagem, tem permitido "romper" com o tradicional, isto é, tem levado o discente a desenvolver habilidades, competências e construção dos saberes. Estas novas alternativas de ensino nos permitiu uma interação mais ampla entre a relação discente-docente e nos fez refletir e avançar no processo avaliativo, que tem sido realizado de forma ampla e processual. Além disso, um impacto positivo para sua formação pode ser observado. No que se refere ao processo de ensino, aprendizagem e avaliações, novas propostas pedagógicas devem ser inseridas priorizando o caráter formativo e de desenvolvimento dos discentes, para que haja a construção de competências necessárias ao perfil estabelecido pelas DCNs, Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, do curso de Graduação em Medicina e demais cursos de saúde.


ABSTRACT Changes are occurring in health teaching and professional training, due to the introduction of active methodologies to the teaching-learning process in Brazilian higher education institutions. These active learning methodologies, such as PBL (Problem-Based Learning), are used to help medical students acquire knowledge in a more relevant way, compared to traditional teaching. Medical education in Brazil has been the subject of much discussion, and has undergone significant changes in recent years. The objective of the present work is to report the teaching experience in the curricular components Mechanisms of Aggression and Defense I (MAD I) and Mechanisms of Aggression and Defense II (MAD II) of Universidade do Estado da Bahia [State University of Bahia] - Campus I in undergraduate teaching in Medicine. These subjects are composed of the disciplines microbiology, parasitology, immunology (MAD I and II) and pathology (MAD II), taught in an integrated way. Active teaching methodologies were applied, such as problem-based learning, laboratory activities, scientific presentations and the use of film. In addition, the MOODLE tool was used in the virtual campus. This proposal began in 2012 and has been applied since then. The experience of the MADs, with the use of different forms of teaching methodologies, has led to a transformation of traditional teaching, leading students to develop their skills and competencies and build knowledge. These new teaching alternatives allow for a broader interaction between the students and the teacher and led us to reflect and advance in the evaluation process, which has been carried out in a broad and procedural way. Moreover, a positive impact on the students' training was observed. As for the processes of teaching, learning and evaluation, new pedagogical proposals should be introduced, prioritizing the formative and developmental character of students so that the necessary competences can be built into the profile established by the National Curricular Guidelines (DCNs) of the Undergraduate Medicine course and other courses in the area of health.

3.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 38(2): 165-172, abr.-jun. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-720479

ABSTRACT

O presente ensaio traz como objetivo geral uma reflexão sobre a ecologia médica e uma discussão sobre os seres humanos, profissionais de saúde e suas relações como meio ambiente. A pesquisa, de caráter descritivo e exploratório, buscou na literatura e na internet, por meios dos unitermos "Ecologia Médica" e "Medical Ecology", subsídios para discutir e refletir sobre a relação homem, meio ambiente e profissionais da saúde. Estudiosos do assunto afirmam que os médicos clínicossão treinados para tratar problemas que ocorrem em nível individual e não estão devidamente preparados para trabalhar no nível do ecossistema. Da mesma forma, outros profissionais da saúde e da vigilância sanitária e ambiental,como enfermeiros, biomédicos, farmacêuticos e biólogos, também não possuem, em suas grades curriculares de graduação, componentes que tragam reflexões e ensinamentos sobre profilaxia e controle de doenças no âmbito da ecologia médica. Os profissionais da saúde, principalmente de Medicina e Enfermagem, devem estar preparados para uma análise critica dos desafios apresentados nesta área, para que sejam agentes de mudanças e profundas transformações no processo saúde, meio ambiente e prevenção de doenças humanas, com base nos princípios e reflexões da ecologia médica.


This essay is aimed at reflecting on medical ecology and discussinghow health professionals and people in general relate to the environment. An exploratory and descriptive study, it investigates such relationships through literary and internet searches for the keywords "EcologiaMédica" and "Medical Ecology". Scholars on the issue maintain thatphysicians are trained to treat problems at an individual level and notto work at the ecosystem level. Likewise, undergraduate students of health and environmentalfields such as nursing, biology, biomedicine and pharmacy are not taught about disease prevention and control in the context of medical ecology. Health professionals, especially those in medicine and nursing, should trained in critical analysis of the challenges they face in this area, so as to become agents of change and deep transformation in the processes of health, environment and prevention of human diseases, based on the principles and reflections of medical ecology.

4.
Rev. patol. trop ; 42(4): 455-458, 2013.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-737542

ABSTRACT

Chagas disease is associated with the domiciliation of infected vectors migrating from their natural ecotopes. The appearance of nymphs in the peridomicile, in Salvador, Bahia, confirms the need for epidemiological surveillance. The vectors were captured from 2006 to 2009, by the population and by epidemiological field agents with the Chagas Disease Control Program. Three hundred and sixty two nymphs of the species Triatoma tibiamaculata (Pinto, 1926) were captured in the peridomicile and 13.5 por cento of these nymphs were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909). Nymphs were near the houses, a possible risk for colonization. Surveillance of the peridomicile is an important element to prevent colonization by disease vectors...


A doença de Chagas está associada à domiciliação de vetores infectados provenientes dos ecótopos naturais. O surgimento de ninfas no peridomicílio em Salvador, Bahia, reafirma a necessidade de vigilância epidemiológica. Os vetores foram capturados de 2006 a 2009 pela população e por agentes de endemias no contexto do Programa de Controle da Doença de Chagas. Foram capturadas 362 ninfas da espécie Triatoma tibiamaculata (Pinto, 1926) no peridomicílio, 13,5 porcento das quais estavam infectadas com T. cruzi (Chagas, 1909). As ninfas estão próximas aos domicílios, o que representa um possível risco de colonização. A vigilância no peridomicílio constitui importante fator de prevenção da colonização de vetores da doença...


Subject(s)
Humans , Chagas Disease , Entomology/statistics & numerical data , Triatoma
5.
Rev. baiana saúde pública ; 36(4)out.-dez. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-689445

ABSTRACT

Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de Evandromyia sallesi (Galvão e Coutinho) e Evandromyia cortelezzii (Brèthes) na região metropolitana de Salvador, Bahia. Os flebotomíneos foram capturados com armadilhas luminosas CDC, durante um estudo investigativo em 24 localidades. A vigilância entomológica foi realizada entre setembro/2009 e março/2010, sendo coletados 13 espécimes de cinco bairros diferentes e classificados dentro do gênero Evandromyia.


This is the first report of Evandromyia sallesi (Galvão e Coutinho) and Evandromyia cortelezzii (Brèthes) occurrence at the metropolitan area of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The sand flies were captured with CDC luminous traps, during an investigative study in 24 localities. The entomological survey was performed between September/2009 and March/2010, being thirteen specimens collected and classified into the genus Evandromyia, from five different neighborhoods.


Este es el primer relato de ocurrencia de Evandromyia sallesi (Galvão y Coutinho) y Evandromyia cortelezzii (Brèthes) en la región metropolitana de Salvador, Bahia. Los flebotominos fueron capturados con trampas de luz CDC durante un estudio de investigación en 24 localidades. El muestreo entomológico se realizó entre Septiembre/2009 y Marzo/2010, recolectando 13 ejemplares, de cinco barrios diferentes, clasificados en el género Evandromyia.


Subject(s)
Population Surveillance , Psychodidae
6.
Rev. patol. trop ; 39(1): 48-55, jan.-mar. 2010. tab, mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-560299

ABSTRACT

As enteroparasitoses vêm sendo exaustivamente estudadas ao longo do século em diversas comunidades no Brasil. Porém, estudos que envolvam comunidades remanescentes quilombolas ainda são escassos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a frequência de parasitos intestinais e possíveis fatores de risco para estas infecções em uma amostra de crianças e adolescentes (2 a 14 anos) residentes em uma área de remanescentes quilombolas da Bahia. Foram examinados 348 indivíduos e aplicado um questionário sobre suas características socioeconômicas e sanitárias. Dentre os 348 examinados, a frequência de resultados positivos para pelo menos um protozoário ou helminto foi de 276 (79,3 por cento). Quanto aos aspectos socioeconômicos e sanitários, das 180 famílias entrevistadas 122 (67 por cento) informaram viver com renda média de meio salário mínimo mensal, mais da metade (61 por cento) não consomem água tratada, 51 por cento não possuem banheiros em suas residências e a falta de rede de esgoto prevaleceu em 96 por cento dos domicílios. Estes resultados evidenciaram um quadro de alta frequência de enteroparasitos nesta população, uma vez que está exposta a precárias condições higiênico-sanitárias. Este quadro exige das autoridades governamentais medidas de controle e educação para melhorar a qualidade de vida desta comunidade.


Intestinal parasites have been exhaustively studied in different communities in Brazil throughout the years although data concerning remaining “quilombolas”(descendants of former black slaves that escaped to hiding places, the quilombos) communities are poor. The current study aimed to investigate the frequency of intestinal parasites and potential risk factors for these infections in children and teenagers (2-14 years old), living in a remaining quilombola community in Bahia. Stool samples were collected and standardized questionnaires were applied to 348subjects. 276 (79.3%) were infected by protozoa or helminth parasites. In relation to socioeconomic characteristics, of 180 interviewed families, 122 (67%) reported to live with a half minimum salary, most of them (61%) have no treated water, 51% have no toilet in their houses. Sewage system was absent in 96.6% of the houses. These results show the high frequency of intestinal parasites in this population, once they live in precarious socioeconomic and environmental conditions, highlighting the immediate need of governmental interventions on this community.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Risk Groups , Parasitic Diseases/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Risk Factors , Sanitary Profiles , Basic Sanitation , Brazil/epidemiology
7.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 27(8): 319-324, ago. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-468120

ABSTRACT

Foram investigadas áreas de risco de leishmaniose visceral canina no município de Camaçari, Bahia. Um total de 278 cães distribuídos em 141 residências, pertencentes a 20 áreas de risco investigadas, foi examinado sorologicamente (ELISA). A soroprevalência geral foi 21,7 por cento (56/258) depois da exclusão dos 20 cães usados no início do estudo para delimitar a área. Os resultados respectivos das análises univariada e multivariada dos fatores relacionados à infecção do cão por Leishmania chagasi, a captura e distribuição do vetor na área e a metodologia usada para localizar os focos caninos são discutidos.


Risk areas of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the city of Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil, were investigated. A total of 278 dogs from 141 homes pertaining to 20 investigated risk areas was serologically screened (ELISA). The general seroprevalence was 21.7 percent (56/258) after exclusion of 20 dogs used at the beginning of the survey to limit the study area. The respective results of the univariated and multivariated analysis of factors related to infection of dogs by Leishmania chagasi, to vector distribu-tion pattern in the area and to the methodology used to localize the canine focuses are discussed.


Subject(s)
Dogs , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Disaster Risk Zone/analysis , Disaster Risk Zone/prevention & control
8.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 98(6): 733-737, Sept. 2003. ilus, tab, mapas
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-348339

ABSTRACT

A study about the horizontal stratification of the sand fly fauna in two distinct ecosystems, caatinga area, endemic for visceral leishmaniasis, and the tropical rain forest area, endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis, was performed in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Lutzomyia longipalpis was predominant in the caatinga, and following it came the species L. capixaba and L. oswaldoi. In the tropical rain forest other species were found, such as L. intermedia, L. migonei, L. whitmani, L. yuilli, L.fischeri, L. damascenoi, L. evandroi, L. monticola, and L. lenti. It was found that the geographical limits of the vector species of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis are clearly defined by the biological and phytogeographic characteristics


Subject(s)
Animals , Ecosystem , Insect Vectors , Psychodidae , Trees , Brazil , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous , Leishmaniasis, Visceral , Seasons , Tropical Climate
9.
Acta amaz ; 33(2)2003.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1454957

ABSTRACT

Studies about sand flies fauna were carried out in a non-flooded primary forest at the Experimental Station of Tropical Forest - National Institute of Amazon Research, between October 1998 and March 1999. CDC light traps were placed at 1m, 10m and 20 meters above ground level. 7.409 phlebotomines were collected, belonging to the genera, Lutzomyia (99,98%) and Brumptomyia (0,02%), represented by 39 species. In the genus Lutzomyia, the more frequent subgenus was Nyssomyia, with 39,43%, followed by Psychodopygus with 22,68%. The number of sandflies collected was increased, from the beginning of the rainy station.


Estudos sobre o levantamento da fauna de flebótomos foram realizados numa floresta primária de terra firme da Estação Experimental de Silvicultura Tropical (EEST) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), durante os meses de outubro de 1998 a março de 1999. Utilizando-se de armadilhas luminosas CDC colocadas a 1m, 10m e 20 metros de altura do solo, foram coletados 7.409 flebótomos, pertencentes a dois gêneros, Lutzomyia (99,98 %) e Brumptomyia (0,02%), abrangendo 39 espécies. Dentro do gênero Lutzomyia, os subgêneros mais representados foram Nyssomyia, com 39,43%, e Psychodopygus com 22,68%. O número de flebotomíneos coletados foi crescente, a partir do início da estação chuvosa.

10.
Cad. saúde pública ; 18(3): 823-832, maio-jun. 2002.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-330925

ABSTRACT

Studies on the vertical stratification of phlebotomine sandfly fauna were conducted in a non-flooded primary forest at a Tropical Forest Experimental Station of the National Institute of Amazonian Research from October 1998 to March 1999. CDC light traps were placed at one, 10, and 20 meters above ground. A total of 2,859 sandflies were captured, belonging to the Lutzomyia (99.93) and Brumtomyia (0.07) genera, represented by 38 species. In the Lutzomyia gender, the most frequent sub-gender was Nyssomyia (43.4), followed by Psychodopygus (22.8). Lutzomyia umbratilis, L. anduzei, L. rorotaensis, L. trichopyga, and L. olmeca nociva predominated at one meter above ground, while L. davisi, L. infraspinosa, L. umbratilis, L. trichopyga, and L. anduzei predominated at 10 meters. L. anduzei, L. tuberculata, L. dendrophyla, and L. dreisbachi were the most abundant species at 20 meters. L. umbratilis, which appeared at all three levels of vertical stratification, has great epidemic significance as a vector of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Insect Vectors , Phlebotomus , Brazil , Statistics, Nonparametric , Trees
11.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 97(1): 61-63, Jan. 2002. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-306087

ABSTRACT

Large-scale trials of a trapping system designed to collect silvatic Triatominae are reported. Live-baited adhesive traps were tested in various ecosystems and different triatomine habitats (arboreal and terrestrial). The trials were always successful, with a rate of positive habitats generally over 20 percent and reaching 48.4 percent for palm trees of the Amazon basin. Eleven species of Triatominae belonging to the three genera of public health importance (Triatoma, Rhodnius and Panstrongylus) were captured. This trapping system provides an effective way to detect the presence of triatomines in terrestrial and arboreal silvatic habitats and represents a promising tool for ecological studies. Various lines of research are contemplated to improve the performance of this trapping system


Subject(s)
Animals , Ecosystem , Insect Control , Insect Vectors , Trees , Triatominae , Insect Vectors , Triatominae
12.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 95(5): 611-3, Sept.-Oct. 2000. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-267886

ABSTRACT

During the last twenty years, several adults of Triatoma tibiamaculata infected with Trypanosoma cruzi have been spontaneously caught by inhabitants, inside their houses in the new habitational district of Pituaçu of Salvador, Bahia. In this communication the authors call attention to the necessity of studies about the possibility of occurrence of new human cases of Chagas disease, to clarify the obscure origin of some positive blood donors in Salvador.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Chagas Disease/transmission , Housing , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Triatoma/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification , Brazil/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Emergencies , Endemic Diseases , Risk Factors , Triatominae/parasitology
13.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 29(2): 207-14, Mar.-Apr. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-187147

ABSTRACT

Preliminary data of a project about the ecology of the Phlebotominae (sandflies) in a tegumentary leishmaniasis area of coconut plantation in the south of the State of Bahia, Brazil are presented. There are 60 dwellings far of one another, where existed 31 dogs and 229 inhabitants. Among them 41.5 per cent were Montenegro positive; 37.5 per cent from these had scars of healed ulcers and 8.8 per cent had active ulcers. 53 per cent of the house had dogs from which 22 per cent were seropositive; from the 7 dogs with ulcers only 3 were seropositive. 14 per cent of the inspected house harboured sandflies inside them. During two years of observations 72 sentinels hamsters were maintened at houses of patients with leishmaniasis ulcers, but they did not get the infection. During two years of observation, monthly collectings of sandflies were made inside house, chicken pen, curral, tree trunks and open field around a house with a patient with leishmaniasis. The following results were already obtained about the vectors: 5,614 specimens were identified as belonging to fourteen different species of sandflies. Among them Lutzomyia whitmani (92 per cent) and Lutzomyia intermedia (4.8 per cent) were the most abundant species. They are very anthropophilic and can be found inside houses and at peridomestic sites. Probably they are the principal vectors of the disease at domestic places. The other twelve species were less frequent and more found at sylvatic places in inspite they also bite the man. Generally the biting activity of most of the species of the area begins at 5 p.m. in the dusk and reaches its peak at 0 hour a.m., when begins declining until disapear at 7 a.m. L. whitmani was similarly collected with the same density in all lunar phases while L. intermedia was more abundant during the new moon phase. Most of the hundreds sandflies collected during the second year of observations, remains preserved in liquid nitrogen, watching for the adjustment of PCR molecular techniques to be processed for determination of the vector natural infection rates with leishmanias. Final results on all the project will be published as soon as the examination of such material has been processed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dogs , Animals , Ecology , Insect Vectors , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology , Phlebotomus , Brazil , Population Density
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